Colleen Beck OTR/L

Colleen Beck, OTR/L is a pediatric occupational therapist and the owner and author of The OT Toolbox website. She manages all of The OT Toolbox social media accounts and runs the popular newsletter. Read about Colleen's experience and career as an occupational therapist, including how The OT Toolbox began on our About The OT Toolbox page: https://www.theottoolbox.com/about-us/ Colleen created The OT Toolbox in 2011 and since then has written thousands of blog posts designed to support therapy providers, educators, parents, counselors, admin, and caregivers in promoting the healthy development of kids. Check out Colleen's blog posts below:

DIY Light Box for Tracing

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Child tracing letters with a pen on a light table. Text reads DIY light table for tracing

This DIY light box for tracing is an easy light box we put together in minutes. All you need is an under the bed storage container and a string of lights to make a tracing tool that kids will love. There are benefits to tracing and this tool is a fun way to build fine motor skills and visual motor skills as a visual motor skill leading to better handwriting.

Amazon affiliate links are included in this blog post. As an Amazon Influencer, I earn from qualifying purchases.

DIY Light Box for Kids

A DIY light box is a simple and effective tool that can be used for learning, play, and creativity. Light boxes provide a bright surface that makes it easier to see lines, shapes, and images for tracing or visual exploration. You can easily create a light box at home using materials like a plastic storage bin, LED lights, and a translucent lid.

This type of setup is especially helpful for kids because it makes activities more engaging and visually clear. A homemade light box can be used for tracing, drawing, sensory play, and even early writing activities.

DIY Light Box for Tracing

A DIY light box for tracing is perfect for helping children practice handwriting, drawing, and visual motor skills. The light shining through the surface allows kids to clearly see letters, shapes, or pictures placed underneath a sheet of paper.

This makes it easier for children to trace lines accurately, which supports motor planning and control. A DIY tracing box can be used for tracing alphabet letters, numbers, shapes, and simple drawings. It is a great tool for kids who are just beginning to learn how to write or who need extra visual support.

Sensory Light Box and Tracing Table Ideas

A sensory light box adds an extra layer of engagement by combining visual input with hands-on exploration. Kids can place different materials on the light surface, such as colored shapes, beads, or translucent objects, to explore how light changes the appearance of items.

You can also use your light box as a tracing table by placing worksheets or drawings underneath paper. This creates a bright, inviting workspace that encourages focus and creativity. Sensory light boxes are especially helpful for children who benefit from visual and tactile learning experiences.

Can You Make Your Own Light Box?

Yes, you can absolutely make your own light box at home with simple materials. Many DIY versions use:

  • A clear or translucent storage bin
  • LED strip lights or push lights. You can also use a tablet or studio lights (a video ring light found at many stores)
  • Wax paper or parchment paper (to diffuse light)
  • A flat surface lid

By placing lights inside the bin and covering the top with a translucent surface, you can create an affordable and functional light box. This DIY option works well for home use, classrooms, or therapy settings.

Can I Use My iPad as a Light Box?

Yes, an iPad or tablet can be used as a simple light box alternative. By increasing the brightness and displaying a white screen, the tablet can provide enough light for basic tracing activities.

However, there are some limitations. Tablets are smaller than most light boxes and may not provide as much working space. They are also more delicate, so supervision is important. A tablet can be a convenient option for quick tracing tasks, while a DIY light box offers a larger and more durable surface for regular use.

Reduce glare by upping the brightness when placing the tablet inside the plastic bin.

Specific Tracing Activity Ideas

Using a DIY light box for tracing opens up many opportunities for learning and skill development. Here are some beginner-friendly tracing ideas that parents, teachers, and therapists can start using right away:

Letter Tracing

Place alphabet worksheets under paper and have children trace uppercase and lowercase letters. This supports handwriting development and letter recognition.

Shape Tracing

Use simple shapes like circles, squares, triangles, and stars. This helps build pre-writing skills and visual motor coordination.

Name Tracing

Write a child’s name in large letters and have them trace over it. This is a motivating way to practice writing.

Picture Tracing

Trace simple pictures such as animals, vehicles, or objects. This supports creativity and drawing skills. Make sure you use white paper to see the objects.

Line and Pattern Tracing

Use straight lines, zig-zags, curves, and waves to build control and precision needed for writing.

Number Tracing

Practice forming numbers by tracing over large, clear models.

Themed Tracing Pages

Create seasonal or themed tracing sheets (weather, holidays, animals) to keep activities engaging.

Why Use a DIY Tracing Box?

A DIY tracing box makes learning more interactive and accessible. The light helps children see lines more clearly, which can reduce frustration and improve accuracy. This tool supports fine motor skills, visual tracking, and hand-eye coordination while making writing practice feel more like play.

DIY light box for tracing

A light box is a fun activity, and one you see in preschool classrooms, as it’s intended for hands-on play and exploring the senses. But did you know there are many benefits to using a light box for tracing (and other exploring play)?

How to Make a DIY Light Table for Tracing

This DIY Light Box was something I’ve seen around Pinterest and have wanted to try for a while…Once we had our Christmas lights outside, I thought we would definitely be doing this project after we pulled all of the lights back in.  So, after we brought the Christmas lights in from the outside bushes, this was easy to put together for a cold evening’s play!

You need just two items to make a DIY light table:

(Amazon affiliate links)

  1. Strand of white Christmas lights
  2. Clear, plastic under-the-bed storage bin

Important: The under the bed storage bin needs to be made of clear plastic or have just a slight opaque color to the plastic. Also, the top should be smooth. Many storage bins have textured surface or a white surface. The flat, smooth lid is important for sensory play as well as tracing with paper on the DIY light table. This brand (affiliate link) is a good one to use.

Instructions to make a DIY light box:

  1. Plug in the lights.
  2. Place them into the bin.
  3. Either cut a hole in the base of the bin for the lights to go through or cut a small notch into the lid so the strand of lights can go under the lid.

To make this homemade light box safer and not use plug in lights, you can use battery operated button lights (affiliate link) inside the storage bin. Or, there are many battery operated LED lights available now too. These are a great idea because many of them have a color-changing capability and can be operated from an app on your phone.

IMPORTANT: This homemade light box project should always be done under the supervision of an adult. The lights can get warm inside the bin and they should be unplugged periodically.

This is not a project that should be set up and forgotten about. The OT Toolbox is not responsible for any harm, injury, or situation caused by this activity. It is for educational purposes only. Always use caution and consider the environment and individualized situation, including with this activity. Your use of this idea is your acceptance of this disclaimer.

I put all of the (already bundled-up) strands of Christmas lights …seriously, this does not get much easier…into an under-the-bed storage bin, connected the strands, and plugged in!

 

DIY light box for tracing

A DIY light box made with Christmas lights
 

Once you put the top on, it is perfect for tracing pictures!
 
Tracing on a DIY light box
 
 

Tracing pictures on a light table

 
This is so great for new (or seasoned) hand-writers.  They are working on pencil control, line awareness, hand-eye coordination…and end up with a super cool horse picture they can be proud of!
 
Use printable coloring pages and encourage bilateral coordination to hold the paper down. You can modify the activity by taping the coloring page onto the plastic bin lid. 
 
Tracing a picture on a DIY light table
 
 Big Sister LOOOOVED doing this!  And, I have to say, that she was doing the tracing thing for so long, that we had to turn the lights off because the bin was getting warm. 
 
 
 
trace letters on a light table
 

Other ways to use a DIY Light Table

 
We went around the house looking for cool things to place on top of the bin.  Magnetic letters looked really neat with the light glowing through…Baby Girl had a lot of fun playing with this.
 
You can add many different items onto the DIY light table:
  • Magnetic letters (the light shines through them slightly)
  • Sand for a tracing table- We cover how to use a sand writing tray in another blog post and all the benefits of tracing in a sensory medium. With the lights under the tracing area, this adds another multisensory component to the learning.
  • Shapes (Magnatiles would work well)
  • Feathers
  • Coins
  • Blocks
  • A marble run
 
letters on a light table
 
What a great learning tool…Shapes:
 
 
Letter Identification, spelling words:
 

 Color and sensory discrimination:
 
 
 
…All in a new and fun manner!  We had a lot of fun with this, but have since put our Christmas lights back up into the attic.  We will be sure to do this one again next year, once the lights come back out again 🙂
 

Please: if you do make one of these light boxes, keep an adult eye on it, as the box did warm up…not to burning warmth, but I would worry about the lights becoming over heated.  This is NOT something that kids should play with unsupervised!

Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.

Working on fine motor skills, visual perception, visual motor skills, sensory tolerance, handwriting, or scissor skills? Our Fine Motor Kits cover all of these areas and more.

Check out the seasonal Fine Motor Kits that kids love:

Letters Fine Motor Kit
Kit de motricidad fina de verano
Summer Fine Motor Kit
Outer Space Fine Motor Kit
Space Fine Motor Kit
Spring fine motor kit
Valentines Day fine motor kit
winter fine motor kit
Winter Fine Motor Kit

Or, grab one of our themed Fine Motor Kits to target skills with fun themes:

Want access to all of these kits…and more being added each month? Join The OT Toolbox Member’s Club!

Fine Motor Rainbow Pipe Cleaner Craft and Play Activity

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rainbow pipe cleaners craft

Today, we have a rainbow pipe cleaner craft that builds skills and uses a common craft items you probably have in your occupational therapy supplies: pipe cleaners and beads. Add this activity to your rainbow themed activities for supporting development.

rainbow pipe cleaners craft

Rainbow Pipe Cleaner Craft for Kids

This rainbow pipe cleaner craft is a fun and simple activity that kids love. Using colorful materials and easy steps, children can create bright rainbow designs while building important fine motor skills. This craft works well in classrooms, at home, or in therapy sessions and is a great option for seasonal themes, weather units, or creative play.

A pipe cleaner rainbow craft is especially engaging because it combines hands-on building with creativity. Kids can bend, twist, and shape materials into arches, creating a rainbow that they can display or use in pretend play. This type of craft encourages problem-solving and supports hand strength as children manipulate the materials.

Materials for a Pipe Cleaner Rainbow Craft

To create a simple rainbow, gather:

  • Rainbow pipe cleaners (or rainbow fuzzy sticks)
  • Paper or cardboard base
  • Glue or tape
  • Cotton balls (for clouds)
  • Scissors

Children can arrange the pipe cleaners into a rainbow shape and attach them to paper. Adding cotton balls at each end creates a cloud effect and makes the finished craft even more fun and visually appealing.

Fine Motor Benefits of This Craft

A rainbow pipe cleaner craft is more than just a fun activity. It supports important developmental skills. Bending and twisting pipe cleaners strengthens hand muscles needed for writing. Positioning the rainbow pieces helps with visual motor skills and spatial awareness.

This pipe cleaner rainbow craft also encourages finger isolation and coordination, which are important for tasks like handwriting, buttoning, and using tools in the classroom.

Pipe Cleaner Rainbow Craft Ideas for Kids

This pipe cleaner rainbow craft is a great activity for kids who love hands-on, creative projects. Using bright, bendable materials, children can build a simple rainbow arch while exploring the color of the rainbow in a fun and meaningful way. This activity works well in classrooms, at home, or in therapy sessions and can be adapted for different ages and skill levels.

To get started, gather rainbow pipe cleaners, cotton balls, and a sturdy base like paper or cardboard. Children can shape each red pipe cleaner and additional colors into curved lines to form a rainbow. Once the arch is complete, add cotton balls at each end to represent clouds. This adds a soft texture and makes the finished craft more engaging.

For assembly, younger children can use glue or tape, while adults may choose to use a hot glue gun for a stronger hold (with supervision). The process of bending, shaping, and attaching the pipe cleaners makes this a colorful pipe cleaner craft that supports fine motor skills and creativity at the same time.

This pipe cleaner rainbow craft is not only visually appealing but also supports important developmental skills. Kids practice hand strength, coordination, and bilateral hand use as they manipulate the materials. It’s a great activity for encouraging creativity while reinforcing concepts like color sequencing and visual organization.

If you follow this blog, you know that we love easy fine motor activities.  This bead and pipe cleaner rainbow is one of those fun, easy, and creative ways to play while developing fine motor skills.  Kids can work on so many fine motor skills and hand strength while completing crafts and activities with beads and pipe cleaners.  We pulled out our huge bin of beads and got busy with this fun Spring rainbow project.
 


 
 

Pipe Cleaner and Bead Rainbow Craft

 
We always have pony beads, wooden beads, and jingle bells in our craft supply closet.  They really came in handy to make our rainbow jingly, textured, and fun!
 
Fine Motor skills with rainbow pipe cleaners

 

We started with a bunch of pipe cleaners
in rainbow colors.  I bent them a little to make a little rainbow shape, but you don’t need to do that before beading.

The kids sorted through the beads to find matching beads.  Baby Girl loved adding the bells to her colors. 
 

How pretty are these beads?? 


RELATED READ:  Try these neat pincer grasp activities to develop fine motor skills.


Fine Motor Skills with Beading

Manipulating beads on pipe cleaners is a great fine motor activity for toddlers

 

Threading the beads onto pipe cleaners is a great way to reinforce fine motor skills with toddlers and preschoolers. We love it for focusing on finger dexterity. 

(Older kids love this activity too!  Big Sister came home from school later in the day and had to make a few colors of her own!)

Kids need to manipulate beads with both hands together in a coordinated manner.  Bilateral Hand Coordination is a key skill for many self-care and school-based tasks.  You couldn’t tie shoes, manage buttons and zippers, cut paper, or hold paper when writing without using both hands in a coordinated way. 

Picking up the beads uses a pincer grasp (pinching the beads between the tips of the index finger and thumb.  This is a precise grasp and picking out one bead among many in a tray really works those fine motor skills.

To thread the bead on a pipe cleaner, the child really works on their tripod grasp.  What a great way to work on pre-handwriting skills!

Rainbow pipe clearners and beads

Our rainbow is almost finished! 

 

To get a little more fine motor work into this activity, I pulled out a sheet of Styrofoam.  I helped the kids by poking a hole into the board  with a pencil.  Then, I showed them how to push the end of the pipe cleaners into the holes to make a rainbow.  Little Guy was my helper and engineer in this part of the activity.  He liked to tell me the order of the colors we needed and helped with bending the arches of our rainbow.

 

 
Our rainbow is ready for playing! Little Guy pulled out our leprechaun peg dolls from our St. Patrick’s Day Small World and added them to the rainbow.  There was a little sliding under the rainbow and some leprechaun horse play between the two peg dolls.  Typical boy stuff 🙂
 
Looking for more rainbow activities?  Try one of these colorful ideas:
 
 

Easy Variations for Rainbow Crafts

There are many ways to adapt this activity using rainbow fuzzy sticks:

  • Create a 3D rainbow by stacking pipe cleaners
  • Make mini rainbows for cards or decorations
  • Add beads to pipe cleaners for extra fine motor work
  • Create patterns by alternating colors
  • Turn the rainbow into a bracelet or wearable craft

These variations keep the activity fresh and allow children to explore creativity while continuing to build skills.

Wellness Wheel for Families

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wellness wheel

You may have seen a “wellness wheel” before. This graphic is a description of all of the wellness concepts that make up the components of a well-balanced lifestyle. While there are different versions of a wellness wheel, and some illustrations that have differing number of wellness components, the wheel imagery is powerful. Check out our Wellness Challenge for ways to encourage wellness for kids and families using all aspects of well-being. A wellness wheel can be pivotal in defining needs and areas of strength that can be addressed through holistic well being strategies.

The graphic of the wheel shows the balance and integration that occurs among all of the wellness components. Each pie piece is important and works together to create an integrated and well-balanced lifestyle.

Dimensions of the Wellness Wheel

The dimensions of the wellness wheel represent the different areas of life that contribute to overall well-being. Rather than focusing on just physical health, the wellness wheel recognizes that wellness is a combination of multiple interconnected areas of life. When one area is out of balance, it can affect other areas of daily functioning, emotional health, and participation in meaningful activities.

Most models of the wellness wheel include several core dimensions that work together to support overall health and quality of life. These dimensions help individuals understand how habits, environments, relationships, and personal choices influence well-being. By reflecting on the different dimensions, people can identify areas where they feel balanced and areas where they may need additional support.

Common dimensions of the wellness wheel include physical wellness, emotional wellness, social wellness, intellectual wellness, occupational wellness, environmental wellness, financial wellness, and spiritual wellness. These are all areas we address in occupational therapy!

Each dimension represents a unique part of well-being, but they are all connected and influence one another.

For example, emotional wellness can affect motivation and participation in work or school activities, while physical wellness supports energy levels and daily functioning. Social connections can improve mental health and resilience, and intellectual wellness supports learning, creativity, and personal growth. When individuals take time to reflect on the different dimensions of wellness, they can develop strategies that support a more balanced and healthy lifestyle.

Using a wellness wheel can be a helpful visual tool for identifying strengths and areas for growth. By considering the different dimensions of the wellness wheel, individuals can create goals that support overall well-being and promote healthier habits across multiple areas of life.

wellness wheel

Wellness Wheel

Each person’s personal wellness wheel will look different. Each individual has their own interests, strengths, needs, occupations, background experiences, etc. Each lifestyle is intrinsically different. One child may have an occupation component that requires participation in a specific sport and the required practices and participation. Another individual may have a heavier component of spiritual impact. Another may have a job that requires performance participation.

While every single individual will view the wheel as an individualized graphic of the life they live, the “spokes” or pie sections of the wellness chart integrate to allow for a healthy and balanced life.

What is a wellness wheel?

A wellness wheel is a visual that helps identify aspects of wellbeing. The representation indicates all of the subcategories of wellness that contribute to your overall well-being. When one of these categories is off-balance, you may sense or feel that your health is “off”. You may notice that you are simply not thriving in various daily tasks, or occupations.

A wellness wheel is a tool to self-analyze personal wellness.

When the wheel is off balanced, you can lack balance in life. Stress can be overwhelming. Productivity lacks. Performance of daily tasks is “off”.

It’s possible to look at the wellness wheel and identify areas that are lacking or need more nurturing. By identifying areas of need and areas where you are overwhelmed, you can make necessary changes.

The wellness wheel is a tool to help one become more aware of the various factors that influence overall well being. It’s a means to make positive changes that contribute to functioning, and quality of life. By being aware of these different facets of a balanced life, it’s possible to let go of the things that are out of your control and foster more focus on areas that are under your control, including choices, actions, thoughts, and emotions.  

This wellness wheel was created to cover the family and child, individually or as a whole. You can also adjust this wheel to meet specific occupations such as in the classroom or clinic. You can see the individual components described in the wellness wheel below. The concepts that we will discuss in our wellness challenge include concepts of well being in emotional, spiritual, physical, social, intellectual, and occupational forms.

Understanding the Dimensions of Wellness

The dimensions of wellness describe the different areas of life that influence overall wellness and personal well-being.

Rather than focusing on just one area of health, the wellness wheel offers a visual representation of multiple areas of wellness that work together to support a balanced life. Each dimension contributes to a person’s ability to grow, respond to life events, and navigate life’s challenges.

Many wellness models use this wheel as an assessment tool or a self-screening tool to help individuals reflect on their current habits, behaviors, and priorities.

When people review the different dimensions, they can identify areas that feel balanced and areas that may need attention. This reflection helps individuals develop an action plan for strengthening different parts of their wellness journey and reaching their full potential.

Physical Wellness

Physical wellness focuses on the health of the body and the daily choices that support energy and functioning. This dimension includes nutrition, physical activity, sleep habits, and other lifestyle choices that influence long-term health. Regular movement, healthy eating, and routines that support rest allow the body to function efficiently and handle daily demands.

Maintaining physical wellness helps individuals stay energized, manage stress, and remain active throughout the day.

Healthy habits related to exercise, hydration, and balanced nutrition support both the body and brain, which contributes to better focus, productivity, and resilience when facing challenges.

Emotional Wellness and Mental Health

Emotional wellness refers to the ability to understand and manage emotions while maintaining positive mental health. This dimension includes recognizing feelings, coping with stress, and developing strategies for navigating difficult situations.

Strong emotional wellness allows individuals to maintain a healthy perspective during challenging moments and respond to life’s challenges with resilience. Practices such as mindfulness, meditation, journaling, and self-reflection can help individuals better understand their emotional responses and strengthen their emotional well-being.

Emotional wellness also involves practicing acceptance, setting healthy boundaries, and seeking feedback from trusted individuals. When people have tools for emotional regulation, they are better prepared to navigate stress, change, and unexpected life events.

Social Wellness

Social wellness focuses on building and maintaining supportive relationships with family, friends, and peers. Humans naturally seek connection, and strong social networks help create a sense of belonging and a sense of connection with others.

Individuals who maintain a well-developed support system often experience greater life satisfaction and emotional resilience. Social wellness includes communication skills, collaboration, and the ability to maintain healthy relationships while respecting personal boundaries.

Strong relationships contribute to personal growth, community involvement, and opportunities for advocacy and mutual support.

Intellectual Wellness

Intellectual wellness involves engaging in lifelong learning, exploring new ideas, and nurturing curiosity. This dimension encourages individuals to develop their creative abilities, explore new interests, and seek opportunities for personal growth.

Activities that support intellectual wellness include reading, learning new skills, problem solving, creative expression, and participating in discussions that broaden understanding. Intellectual enrichment allows individuals to remain mentally stimulated and open to new perspectives.

Maintaining intellectual wellness helps individuals stay adaptable and motivated as they pursue personal goals and develop new skills.

Spiritual Wellness

Spiritual wellness refers to developing a sense of purpose, meaning, and values in life. For some individuals, this dimension may involve religious practices, while for others it may include personal reflection, mindfulness, or practices such as yoga or meditation.

Spiritual wellness encourages individuals to reflect on personal ethics, values, and the things that bring fulfillment and personal satisfaction. Developing appreciation for life experiences and cultivating gratitude can strengthen this dimension of wellness.

This dimension also supports a deeper understanding of one’s role in the world and fosters a sense of connection to something greater than oneself.

Environmental Wellness

Environmental wellness involves creating safe, supportive, and healthy surroundings. This includes both the physical environment and the spaces where individuals live, work, and learn.

Practices that support environmental wellness include organizing living spaces, reducing trash and waste, and creating environments that support productivity and relaxation. A healthy environment can improve mood, reduce stress, and increase comfort in daily routines.

Environmental wellness also includes awareness of how surroundings influence behaviors and well-being.

Occupational Wellness

Occupational wellness relates to finding purpose and personal satisfaction in work or daily activities. This dimension includes career development, meaningful work experiences, and maintaining a healthy balance between work responsibilities and personal life.

Individuals with strong occupational wellness often feel motivated, productive, and connected to their work. Positive relationships with coworkers and colleagues, opportunities for growth, and recognition of contributions support this dimension.

Occupational wellness also involves identifying goals that align with personal values and maintaining balance between professional responsibilities and other areas of wellness.

Financial Wellness

Financial wellness focuses on managing money in ways that support long-term security and financial stability. This dimension includes budgeting, saving, planning for future expenses, and making informed financial decisions.

Healthy financial habits can reduce stress and support other areas of well-being. When individuals feel confident managing their finances, they are better able to focus on personal goals, relationships, and overall life satisfaction.

Using the Wellness Wheel as a Tool for Growth

The wellness wheel provides a visual representation of how different dimensions of health work together to support overall wellness. By reviewing the wheel regularly, individuals can reflect on their habits, identify areas for improvement, and create strategies for strengthening their well-being.

Many people use the wellness wheel as an assessment tool to evaluate how balanced their current lifestyle feels. This reflection can help guide an action plan that encourages enrichment, healthier routines, and ongoing personal growth throughout the wellness journey.

When individuals focus on strengthening each dimension over time, they move closer to achieving balance, resilience, and the ability to live life with greater purpose and fulfillment.

Wellness wheel for describing components of wellness for kids and families.

How to use a wellness wheel

Consider the following subcategories on the wellness wheel: Emotional, Physical, Intellectual, Spiritual, Occupational, and Social. The goal is to take an inventroy of overall wellbeing to see where areas of imbalance may lie. You can use the wellness wheel to identify areas that are off-balance or are bigger or smaller than onther pie piece on the wheel.

If you imagine the wheel as a rolling wheel, would it be a round circle? Or would it be off-centered and roll off to the side? You want to see balance in the pie pieces so the wheel would roll smoothly.

Ask yourself these questions based on the wellness wheel

Ask yourself the following questions on how you are managing various aspects of your overall life:

1. Does any one of these areas impact your stress? Your health? Your performance of tasks?

2. Are there any spokes of the wellness wheel that are off-balance? Are they bigger than another spoke, causing the wheel to shift off-center?

3. Is it possible to adjust to make positive changes in those areas that are off-balance?

4. How can you address the things that you CAN change?

5. Is it possible to let go of the areas where you CAN NOT make changes because they are out of your control?

6. What improvements would you like to see in obtaining a balanced wheel?

Emotional Well being on the Wellness Wheel

  • manage emotions
  • emotional regulation
  • positive attitude
  • growth mindset
  • mindfulness
  • gratitude

Spiritual Well being on the wellness wheel

  • beliefs
  • values
  • exploring your culture
  • mindfulness
  • having peace
  • joy in daily tasks

Physical Well being on the wellness wheel

  • nutrition
  • healthy habits
  • exercise
  • healthy choices
  • physical activity

Social Well being on the wellness wheel

  • aware of others
  • resolve conflicts
  • communication
  • social networks
  • empathy
  • tolerance for differences

Intellectual Well being on the wellness wheel

  • learning
  • school work
  • discovering new interests
  • making goals
  • setting milestones
  • trying new things

Occupational Well being on the wellness wheel

  • play
  • learning
  • chores and jobs
  • hobbies
  • interests & talents
  • self-care

Other wellness wheels can include aspects of financial well being, environmental well being, nutritional well being.

Free Wellness Wheel Printable

FREE Wellness Wheel Printable

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    Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.

    How to Improve Working Memory

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    working memory

    Working memory is a skill we need for everything we do!  From answering the phone to shopping at the grocery store; working memory is happening at every given moment.  Kids who struggle with executive functioning skills often times have working memory challenges.

    working memory activities

    Working memory Examples

    the best way to explain working memory is by looking at examples of working memory in action! We split these examples into sections based on age, because, remember executive functioning skills are developmental. We don’t fully develop executive functioning until mid 20’s so an example of working memory in a young child will look much different than in a middle school aged student.

    Preschool Working Memory Examples (Ages ~3–5)

    Working memory at this age helps children hold and use small pieces of information for short tasks.

    1. Remembering two-step directions (“Get your shoes and your jacket.”)
    2. Repeating a short sentence back to an adult
    3. Remembering where a toy was placed
    4. Following directions in a simple game like Simon Says
    5. Remembering the next action in a pretend play sequence
    6. Remembering the rules of a simple game
    7. Holding a short story in mind while answering a question
    8. Remembering which color block to stack next
    9. Copying a pattern with blocks
    10. Remembering the location of puzzle pieces
    11. Finding matching cards in a memory game
    12. Remembering which crayon they were using
    13. Listening to a short instruction while beginning the task
    14. Remembering which cubby belongs to them
    15. Repeating numbers or words in a sequence
    16. Remembering which snack they chose earlier
    17. Remembering what item to bring to the table
    18. Keeping track of a turn in a game
    19. Remembering a simple song or rhyme
    20. Following a classroom routine sequence

    Elementary School Working Memory Examples (Ages ~6–10)

    Working memory becomes more important for academic tasks and classroom participation.

    1. Remembering multi-step instructions from the teacher
    2. Holding spelling words in mind while writing them
    3. Copying sentences from the board
    4. Remembering math steps while solving a problem
    5. Remembering story details during reading
    6. Keeping track of place while reading a paragraph
    7. Remembering homework instructions
    8. Listening to directions while gathering materials
    9. Following directions during art projects
    10. Remembering the next step in a science activity
    11. Recalling vocabulary words during discussion
    12. Remembering math facts while solving problems
    13. Holding numbers in mind during mental math
    14. Writing sentences while remembering punctuation rules
    15. Remembering classroom rules during group work
    16. Keeping track of materials needed for a task
    17. Following instructions during PE games
    18. Remembering characters and events in a story
    19. Completing worksheets with multiple directions
    20. Remembering teacher expectations for assignments

    Middle School Working Memory Examples (Ages ~11–13)

    Working memory supports more complex learning, organization, and reasoning. We also have a resource on middle school occupational therapy.

    1. Remembering steps in multi-step math equations
    2. Keeping track of information during lectures
    3. Following multi-step science experiments
    4. Remembering reading assignments across chapters
    5. Writing essays while holding ideas in mind
    6. Remembering discussion points during group work
    7. Keeping track of homework from multiple classes
    8. Remembering locker combinations
    9. Managing materials for different subjects
    10. Remembering instructions for technology tasks
    11. Taking notes while listening to a teacher
    12. Remembering rules during team sports
    13. Keeping track of steps when solving word problems
    14. Remembering writing prompts while composing responses
    15. Holding multiple ideas during class discussions
    16. Organizing ideas during brainstorming
    17. Remembering steps while editing writing
    18. Managing schedules for classes and activities
    19. Remembering expectations for long-term projects
    20. Keeping track of multiple assignments

    High School Working Memory Examples (Ages ~14–18)

    Working memory becomes essential for complex reasoning, studying, and planning. Also check out our resource on high school occupational therapy.

    1. Remembering lecture information while taking notes
    2. Holding multiple steps in advanced math problems
    3. Remembering information during test-taking
    4. Managing long reading assignments
    5. Organizing ideas for essays or presentations
    6. Remembering study materials across subjects
    7. Planning steps for projects and reports
    8. Holding information while solving complex problems
    9. Managing schedules with multiple classes
    10. Remembering deadlines and due dates
    11. Taking notes while analyzing information
    12. Remembering instructions for lab experiments
    13. Managing multiple pieces of information during debates
    14. Holding research points during presentations
    15. Remembering study strategies for exams
    16. Managing information during group projects
    17. Following complex directions in technical classes
    18. Remembering driving rules during learning
    19. Tracking information during problem-solving tasks
    20. Planning multi-step tasks for assignments

    Young Adult Working Memory Examples

    Working memory supports independence, decision-making, and job tasks. Here is more on adults and executive functioning.

    1. Remembering instructions from supervisors
    2. Managing multiple tasks at work
    3. Following steps in cooking recipes
    4. Holding directions in mind while driving
    5. Managing schedules and appointments
    6. Keeping track of financial tasks and bills
    7. Remembering details during meetings
    8. Managing information while studying in college
    9. Following multi-step workplace procedures
    10. Holding ideas in mind while problem-solving
    11. Organizing information for reports or presentations
    12. Managing tasks during busy workdays
    13. Remembering steps when assembling items
    14. Keeping track of items needed for errands
    15. Remembering conversation details during discussions
    16. Holding instructions while completing projects
    17. Managing academic deadlines
    18. Remembering passwords or codes temporarily
    19. Following instructions during training
    20. Planning and executing daily routines independently



    working Memory

     Let’s talk about what working memory is and how to improve working memory in kids so they can be successful in those everyday tasks.

    Use these strategies to help improve working memory in kids with sensory processing struggles or executive functioning difficulties.

     

    What is Working Memory?



    Working Memory is the ability to act on past memories and manipulating the information in a new situation.  

    Processing short term memories and using it allows us to respond in new situations.  

    Working memory allows us to learn. Using working memory skills we can use past information in reading in order to read sight words.  

    We can remember math facts, state capitals, mnemonics, phone numbers, addresses, and friends’ names.  We can then use that information to answer questions based on what we know and apply that information in new situations.


    Executive functions are heavily dependent on attention.  Read about the attention and executive functioning skill connection and the impact of attention on each of the executive functioning skills that children require and use every day.


    In order for working memory to be used in daily tasks, we need a few key items.  Our brain might be considered a memory soup and the key ingredients to working memory are attention, focus, auditory memory and visual-spatial memory.


    Read more about visual memory and how to incorporate strategies into play.

    Use these strategies to improve working memory skills in kids.

    Mix all of those ingredients together and you will end up with working memory that can be used to problem solve any given situation.


    You can see how children who struggle with the underlying “ingredients” of attention, concentration, auditory processing, and visual processing will be challenged to pull that information into an unrelated event.  The child with sensory processing disorder who is also struggling with social emotional issues might end up in meltdown mode.  The child who can not generalize facts to a new environment might withdrawal.


    Read more about attention and how to help kids improve attention with easy strategies for home and school.

     

    All of these situations can potentially lead to difficulty with problem solving. Children are developmentally growing every day in relating past information. Yes, we say thank you EVERY time someone holds the door for us, not just that one time last week.  By going through our day, kids learn these things!


    The child who is struggling with any of the key ingredients related to working memory, it can be really hard to generalize.

    Many parents, teachers, and therapists of kids with executive functioning skills or sensory processing challenges wonder how to improve working memory. These strategies for working memory skills will help.

     

    How to Improve Working Memory

    Try these working memory strategies to help improve this executive functioning skill:

    1. Take notes
    2. Daily Journal- The Impulse Control Journal is a great tool for keeping track of day to day events
    3. Notebook with times for daily tasks
    4. Practicing the ability to stop and think in practice and in real-life situations. This skill allows one to complete tasks or respond using past experiences.
    5. Writing down information (opposed to typing or tracking on an app)
    6. Setting an alarm for tasks
    7. Second set of school books for home
    8. Dry erase board notes to be used in tasks like cleaning a room
    9. Mnemonics
    10. Guided imagery
    11. Mental rehearsing
    12. Imagine a task in pictures (like a cartoon strip of a day’s event)
    13. Analyzing problem areas
    14. Practice through rehearsal
    15. Routines
    16. Rewards
    17. Reminder messages including verbal, picture, or app-based
    18. To-do lists with physical action (pull off a post-it note when completed)
    19. Task sequencing lists
    20. Play memory games, such as matching games or memory card games.
    21. Use mnemonic devices to help remember information, such as acronyms or visual cues.
    22. Repeat information to yourself multiple times to help solidify it in your memory.
    23. Use visualization techniques to create mental images of information you need to remember.
    24. Break down complex information into smaller chunks to make it more manageable to remember.
    25. Use repetition and rehearsal to help remember important information.
    26. Practice active listening by summarizing and repeating back what someone has said to you.
    27. Write down important information or ideas to help reinforce them in your memory.
    28. Use technology, such as digital reminders or voice memos, to help you remember important information.
    29. Practice mindfulness exercises to improve focus and concentration, which can help with working memory.
    30. Engage in regular aerobic exercise, which has been shown to improve working memory.
    31. Play strategy-based games, such as chess or Sudoku, to help improve working memory skills.
    32. Use self-testing or quizzing techniques to help reinforce information in your memory.
    33. Break tasks down into smaller steps to make them more manageable to remember.
    34. Use different sensory modalities, such as sight and sound, to help reinforce information in your memory.
    35. Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation, to help reduce stress and improve working memory.
    36. Engage in activities that challenge your working memory, such as learning a new language or musical instrument.
    37. Use context cues or associations to help remember information, such as associating a person’s name with a visual cue or location.
    38. Prioritize and focus on the most important information to remember.
    39. Get enough sleep, as lack of sleep can negatively impact working memory skills.
    40. Repeat complex instructions
    41. Break down complex instructions into step-by-step directions with pictures, such as a more detailed version of a visual schedule

    Working Memory Activities

    In addition to the working memory strategies listed above, there are specific activities you can do to build working memory. Try these ideas:

    Digit Recall Activities- Work on repeating numbers in a series. The individual can repeat back numbers in 2 to 3 digit series in both forward and reverse. Then, you can add on additional digits. Continue to grade the digit activities in greater difficulty by adding digits to the thread of numbers or adding letters. To increase the difficulty of this activity even further, ask the individual to write down the series of numbers and letters, and add time in between the given number and when they are asked to recall the series.

    Word Sequences- Similar to the number sequences described above, you can use visual pictures of words, or auditory word sequences. Ask the individual to repeat back the series of words.

    Ordering Activities- Another great working memory activity is sequential ordering of images or objects by size. You can target this activity to meet the interests of the individual. Think about ordering animals, sports balls, toys, or other items by size. Offer a specific number of items and challenge the individual to remember all of the objects in the series. Increase the difficulty by asking the individual to order objects by largest to smallest and then by smallest to largest.

    Instructional Sequencing Activities- This working memory activity focuses on functional tasks and can target goals of the individual. For example, a child working on brushing their teeth can order the steps of the activity from memory. Then, you can ask the child to list the steps in reverse. 

    More tools for addressing attention needs in kids

    There are so many strategies to address attention in kids and activities that can help address attention needs. One tactic that can be a big help is analyzing precursors to behaviors related to attention and addressing underlying needs. 

    The Attention and Sensory Workbook can be a way to do just that. 

    The Attention and Sensory Workbook is a free printable resource for parents, teachers, and therapists. It is a printable workbook and includes so much information on the connection between attention and sensory needs. 

    Here’s what you can find in the Attention and Sensory Workbook: 

    • Includes information on boosting attention through the senses
    • Discusses how sensory and learning are connected
    • Provides movement and sensory motor activity ideas
    • Includes workbook pages for creating movement and sensory strategies to improve attention


    A little more about the Attention and Sensory Workbook: 


    Sensory processing is the ability to register, screen, organize, and interpret information from our senses and the environment. This process allows us to filter out some unnecessary information so that we can attend to what is important. Kids with sensory challenges often time have difficulty with attention as a result.

    It’s been found that there is a co-morbidity of 40-60% of ADHD and Sensory Processing Disorder. This workbook is an actionable guide to help teachers, therapists, and parents to help kids boost attention and focus in the classroom by mastering sensory processing needs. 

    You will find information on the sensory system and how it impacts attention and learning. There are step-by-step strategies for improving focus, and sensory-based tips and tricks that will benefit the whole classroom.

    The workbook provides tactics to address attention and sensory processing as a combined strategy and overall function. There are charts for activities, forms for assessment of impact, workbook pages for accommodations, and sensory strategy forms.
     
    Grab the Attention and Sensory Workbook below.
     
     

    Attention and sensory workbook activities for improving attention in kids

    These strategies to improve working memory are helpful tools for addressing short term memory in tasks.

    References:
    Gentry, T. (2015, September). Mobile technologies as vocational supports for workers with cognitive-behavioral challenges. Technology Special Interest Section Quarterly, 25(3), 1–4.

    FREE Attention & Sensory Workbook

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      Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.

      Scrapbook with Kids using Recycled Materials

      by
      scrapbook from recycled materials

      This blog post sharing how we made a scrapbook with recycled materials is an old one on the site, but we still love looking back at our kid-made scrapbook! The best thing about a scrapbook using recycled materials is that you can use what you have on hand…even incorporating recycled art or other items. This is a kids craft that you’ll love to hold onto forever! Let’s get started with a recycling bin project that kids will love.

      Scrapbook with recycled materials

      DIY Scrapbook for Kids

      A DIY scrapbook made with recycled materials is a fun and creative way for kids to turn everyday items into meaningful keepsakes. Instead of throwing away paper scraps, cardboard packaging, or old magazines, children can repurpose these materials into colorful scrapbook pages filled with memories, drawings, and photos. Recycled crafts like this help children see that ordinary materials can become something new and useful.

      Creating a scrapbook also encourages creativity and problem-solving. Kids can experiment with textures, colors, and shapes as they arrange recycled materials onto each page. Using items like ticket stubs, greeting cards, or magazine pictures allows children to personalize their scrapbook and tell their own story. It’s also a simple way to introduce kids to sustainable crafting and environmental awareness.

      Scrapbook Using Recycled Materials

      We love using recycled materials in crafts and activities.  There’s nothing like grabbing craft supplies from the recycle bin and creating, learning, and playing!  We made our own phone picture scrapbook together with the kids using recycled materials and now have a great keepsake of a season of fun with cousins!  

      The best news is that these are pictures from my phone that I never would have printed off let alone scrap booked into a memory keeper.

      There are so many items in your recycle bin (or heading for the trash) that can be used as embellishments in a recycled scrapbook design. Look around the house and see what you can come up with! 

      Here are some ideas for decorating a scrapbook with recycled items:

      • Scrap paper
      • Kids art
      • Old papers from school
      • Old school folders
      • Fabric from clothing that no longer fits
      • Strips of colored paper- try junk mail!
      • Paper bags
      • Old magazines
      • Envelopes that come in the mail
      • Refrigerator magnets
      • Stickers
      • Old jewelry
      • Decorative paper from greeting cards
      • Various types of paper texture: cardboard, egg cartons, fabrics, etc.
      • Old magazines and catalogs
      • Junk mail envelopes
      • Greeting cards
      • Cereal boxes or food packaging cardboard
      • Scrap paper from school projects
      • Newspaper pages
      • Paper bags
      • Wrapping paper scraps
      • Ticket stubs or event programs
      • Fabric scraps or ribbon pieces

      These items can be used as a photo mat for holding photos on the scrapbook page, or you can use the items as accents on the page. The sky is the limit!

      Children can cut pictures, letters, and patterns from these materials to decorate scrapbook pages. Even small pieces of cardboard or packaging can become borders, frames, or pockets within the scrapbook. I like using old wrapping paper for background layers of the scrapbook because they hold memories and it’s a great medium for kids to cut. Read about cutting wrapping paper as a developmental tool for kids.

      Add a few scrapbooking tools to work with the materials and you are good to go:

      • Scissors
      • Glue
      • Brads
      • Pens
      • Markers
      • Staples
      • Hole punches to punch holes in paper and use the paper holes as accents

      These lists should give you some inspiration to get started!

      Scrapbook using recycled materials

      How to make scrapbook using recycled materials

      If you are like me, you always have your phone in your back pocket.  A mom has got to capture those cutie pie moments and lugging a big camera around just isn’t an option sometimes.  I love having a phone camera always on me a the slightest indication of a gummy baby smile.  

      How to Make a DIY Scrapbook

      Making a recycled scrapbook can be simple and flexible depending on the materials you have available.

      Start by creating the base of the scrapbook. Pages can be made from cardboard cut from cereal boxes, construction paper, or thick paper bag material. Punch holes along one side and tie the pages together using yarn, ribbon, or string. Another option is to staple the pages together or glue them inside a folded cardboard cover.

      Next, let kids decorate each page using recycled materials. They can glue magazine pictures, add drawings, or attach photos. Small envelopes or folded paper pieces can be glued onto pages to create pockets for storing notes or small keepsakes.

      Encourage kids to add titles, captions, or short sentences that describe the memories on each page.

      One of the best ways to do this is to just grab some paper shopping bags and staple them together to make pages. Then start laying on the creative scrapbook add-ons.

      Make a scrapbook with recycled materials

      With such access to capturing images, most of us have hundreds or thousands of pictures stored on our phones.  Those images usually never get printed!  All of those real-life, caught in the moment pictures that tell the story of our lives just get stored away and never to be printed or scrap booked. 

      When they arrived in the mail, my kids loved looking at the “story” of our winter.  And, these pictures were clear and bright!  We decided to make a scrapbook with our high quality pictures using recycled materials. 

      Here are the directions to make a scrapbook from recycled items:

      • Cut out 2 pieces of cardboard to create a front cover and back cover. Cut the cardboard to the size of the book you want to create. We used a cardboard box to create a front and back cover for our scrapbook.  A thin cardboard like a cracker box or cereal box will work best.  
      • Cut paper the same size as the cardboard. This will be pages in your recycled scrapbook. Thicker paper like cardstock or an old folder works best for the pages.
      • Cut paper, fabric, or cardboard larger than the size of the images. This will be photo mat for each image.    
      • Use double sided tape to attach images to the photo mats.
      • Add accents or embellishments onto each page: pieces of fabric, old stickers, layering various textured paper, adding strips of cardboard, etc. 
      • Use a hole punch to punch holes in each photo page and in the front cover and back cover.
      • Thread the book together using a strip of recycled fabric, a piece of string, or twine. Tie each hole with the material.
      • Use recycled paper, ribbon, or scraps from magazines to  decorate the front cover.  We used scraps of paper to make a top border and falling dots on our scrapbook.  You can add decorations to the back side of images as well, even adding written descriptions for each picture in the scrapbook.
      Recycled scrapbook activity for kids
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       
       

      Fine Motor Benefits of Scrapbook Making

      Creating a scrapbook supports many important fine motor skills that children need for school tasks like writing and cutting. Cutting pictures from magazines helps strengthen the small muscles in the hands while also improving scissor skills.

      Tearing paper, gluing small pieces, and placing decorations onto pages all encourage finger coordination and hand control.

      Children also practice bilateral coordination when they hold paper with one hand while cutting with the other. When kids write captions or labels for their scrapbook pages, they are practicing handwriting and visual motor skills in a meaningful and motivating way.

      Because scrapbook projects combine art, writing, and organization, they provide a rich opportunity to build multiple developmental skills through creative play.

      Fun Scrapbook Theme Ideas

      Scrapbooks can be created around almost any theme. Giving kids a topic often helps them stay engaged and excited about the project.

      Some fun scrapbook themes include:

      • My Favorite Things
      • Family Memories
      • Vacation or Travel Scrapbook
      • Nature Walk Discoveries
      • School Year Memories
      • Favorite Books or Characters
      • Seasonal Scrapbooks (Fall, Winter, Summer)

      Kids can collect pictures, drawings, and small items related to their theme and arrange them creatively across the pages.

      Scrapbook Prompts for Kids

      Sometimes children need a little inspiration for what to include in their scrapbook. Simple prompts can help guide their ideas.

      Try prompts like:

      • My favorite food is…
      • My best memory this week…
      • My favorite place to visit…
      • Something that makes me happy…
      • My favorite animal…
      • My favorite game to play…

      Kids can draw pictures, glue images, or write short sentences in response to these prompts.

      Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.

      Task Initiation Executive Functioning Strategies

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      task initiation framework to help with getting started

      For many adults and children with executive functioning challenges, getting started can feel like the hardest part of any task. Even when a person knows what needs to be done, the brain may struggle with the mental shift required to begin. Trouble getting started is not simply procrastination or lack of motivation; it is often related to the executive functioning skill of task initiation. Individuals may experience trouble starting homework, work projects, daily routines, or even simple tasks around the home. Understanding why task initiation is difficult and learning practical strategies to support the starting process can help reduce overwhelm and build momentum toward completing tasks.

      We also have a resource on how to teach task initiation, which is a great read.

      Task initiation is one of the many executive functioning skills that can be a big problem for kids.  It happens to all of us.  We procrastinate.  From the youngest toddler to the oldest among us, we all procrastinate in one way or another.  Hey, that stack of bills mixed with junk mail over there on the counter has been calling my name for a couple of weeks now.  But procrastination can be a real issue when it gets out of hand or affects every part of life.  One of the essential skills that make up executive functioning skills is task initiation.

      Task Initiation Challenges

      This skill is apparent when you just can’t start a task. Nothing feels urgent and getting started feels impossible!

      Task initiation is the executive functioning skill that allows a person to begin a task without excessive procrastination or avoidance. For many adults with executive functioning challenges, starting is often the hardest part of completing anything.

      The difficulty is not always motivation. In many cases, the brain simply struggles to shift from thinking about a task to actually doing it.

      We’ve all been there, though. Haven’t you felt some of these experiences before:

      • Feeling mentally “stuck”
      • Knowing what needs to be done but not starting
      • Waiting until a deadline creates urgency
      • Feeling sluggish or unmotivated even when the task is important

      This experience is sometimes called activation difficulty or task inertia. Maybe it’s a sink full of dirty dishes or a MESSY car that has you stalled. The problem though, is when every task feels impossible. It’s when nothing feels urgent. You have home tasks and other ADLs and IADLs stacking up, homework consistently undone, bills unpaid, and you are actually not functioning. It’s then that task initiation is a real problem.

      Executive functioning research suggests that initiation requires coordination between several cognitive processes including:



      Task initiation executive functioning strategies for kids

       

      Task Initiation Executive Functioning Strategies

      Task initiation for non-preferred activities might show up with your child when they are told to clean their room or put on their shoes.  As parents, we know the struggle that is getting kids to get moving!  However, there is a point when procrastination is normal for kids and when it becomes a problem that influences functional skills.


      Task Initiation is one Executive Functioning Skill

      Initiating a task, whether it be a preferred activity or one that isn’t so preferred (Hellllllo, math homework!), requires several OTHER executive functioning skills: planning, prioritizing, time management, organization, impulse control, attention, and working memory.  Despite all of these potential areas of task completion breakdown, the biggest issue is often just getting started. 

      These easy strategies are tips and tricks that can help kids get started on a task.  Either a big job or a small task can seem overwhelming at times.  Try using these strategies to help with task initiation.

      Signs of Task Initiation Difficulties

      Those who struggle with task initiation skills may experience:

      • Procrastinating until the last possible moment

      • Difficulty starting large or complex projects

      • Feeling overwhelmed before beginning a task

      • Waiting for pressure or urgency to create motivation

      • Getting stuck in “thinking about doing the task”

      • Starting multiple small activities instead of the needed task

      • Feeling mentally drained before beginning work

      Many of us know when we feel stalled or stuck. When this happens we report that once we begin a task, we can continue working. The challenge lies in the transition from intention to action.

      What to Do when you have trouble getting started


      This is one strategy that can help kids with task initiation.  Sometimes, the strategies that you see outlined for procrastination are aimed at older children or high school aged students up through adults.  

      But what about the kids who struggle with procrastination at a younger age?  The kids who are beyond age-appropriate levels of not wanting to initiate tasks can be too young developmentally for the procrastination tips that are typically recommended. 

       

       

      Use these task initiation executive functioning strategies for kids who procrastinate.

       

      Use a timer to help kids with task initiation

      This post contains affiliate links. 
       
      This easy trick can help kids with task initiation needed to get started on activities.  You’ll need a game timer that can be found in many board games. With your child, identify the task that needs to be done.  This may be a big project like cleaning a bedroom or a smaller job like tackling the homework folder.  
       
      Next, break down the tasks.  You can write them out in list form or write them on post-it notes that can be pulled off and crumbled up as each job is completed.  
       
      Once you’ve identified the list of tasks, make a mini-goal to get started.  
      This might be as simple as just reading through the instructions or starting to clean up toys on the floor.  
       
      For this mini-goal, your child can work with the game timer until the sand has all fallen to the bottom.  By working until the intended time has passed, your child has started the job and tackled the biggest issue with procrastination: getting started!
       
      There are many game timers on the market that are perfect for addressing task initiation:
      This set comes in a combo set with 30-second, 1-minute, 2-minute, 3-minute, 5-minute, and 10-minute increments. 
      Try this visual timer with a warning light and optional auditory timer.
       


       
      Executive functioning task initiation strategies for kids.
       
      Use a timer and other procrastination strategies to help kids with task initiation executive functioning problems.
       
       
      Task initiation executive functioning strategies for kids who procrastinate.

      More tips to help kids get started and overcome procrastination

      This is a menu of strategies to help when you have trouble getting started on a task. I like to pair these with the framework I use below (lower in the post).

      1. Break down tasks
      2. Identify the task
      3. Make mini goals
      4. Create a habit tracker
      5. Make a goal journal
      6. Tell someone else what you’ll accomplish
      7. Use a picture schedule for younger kids
      8. Create a contract
      9. Use a timer for the whole task
      10. Reward systems
      11. Visual schedules
      12. Designated time slot to do specific tasks (like a set homework time)
      13. Checklist
      14. Impulse Control Journal
      15. Use digital timers (on a smart phone or an app)

      Looking for more information on executive functioning skills?  Like my new Facebook page, Executive Functioning Toolbox for informative posts and resources from around the web.

      You can check out our Attention page and Organization page here on the site for more executive functioning skill activities.

      Executive functions are heavily dependent on attention.  Read about the attention and executive functioning skill connection and the impact of attention on each of the executive functioning skills that children require and use every day.

      task initiation framework

      The key to helping with task initiation is using a framework for getting started…not just picking random strategies.

      Task initiation framework

      When nothing feels urgent, it’s easy to look at the list above and think, “Ok, I’ll set a timer.” But then that doesn’t really help if you can’t actually get started and move from inactivity to completing a multi-step task. That’s where I like to add a strategy. These are concepts viewed through a neuroscience lens, that we can apply to support children or adults to get started with any task where they feel stuck.

      You will notice that these concepts build on each other, and that is intentional. This is not a list of disconnected strategies like the list above. That is an important list to have in your therapy toolbox for sure! However, sometimes the menu of strategy ideas need a little more of a framework. Then, you can pick through the strategy list above to find actions tasks that fit in with the individual’s needs.

      Helping the Brain Move From “Stuck” to “Started”

      Task initiation is not simply a productivity problem. It is a brain-body process involving the prefrontal cortex, motivation systems, and nervous system regulation. When a task feels overwhelming or unclear, the brain may interpret it as a stressor. The nervous system can shift into a protective state that delays action, even when the person wants to begin.

      Supporting task initiation means helping the brain move from inertia to activation in a way that feels manageable. Repeating supportive strategies helps the brain form new neural pathways for starting tasks more efficiently over time.

      Let’s walk through this framework…

      Step 1: Regulate the Nervous System First

      If you’re stuck and can’t get started, ramping up to activity is the first step, and the key is letting your nervous system know that it’s safe and able to do the task.

      This comes from the polyvagal theory in part. If you’re stuck in a fight/fright/flight/fawn status, you can’t do activity.

      When we can’t start a task, there is most likely some aspect of the “fawn” state happening.

      When the brain perceives a task as stressful or overwhelming, the nervous system may shift into a protective state, reducing motivation and mental flexibility. The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for planning and initiating tasks, works best when the nervous system is in a regulated and alert state.

      Strategies that regulate the nervous system help restore access to the brain’s executive systems. Activities such as movement, deep breathing, sensory input, or rhythmic activities can increase alertness and readiness for action.

      When the body feels safe and regulated, the brain is better able to engage the networks needed for planning and prioritizing steps, attention, and actually making the first step to initiate the task.

      Repeated experiences of regulating before starting tasks help build neural associations between calm activation and productive engagement, supporting long-term neuroplastic change.

      Step 2: Create Activation Through Movement

      Many adults describe feeling mentally “frozen” or sluggish before starting tasks. Movement can help activate the brain’s arousal systems and increase alertness.

      Physical movement stimulates neural pathways involved in dopamine production, which plays a key role in motivation, attention, and task engagement. Even brief bursts of activity such as stretching, walking, heavy work, or rhythmic vestibular movement can increase blood flow to the prefrontal cortex.

      Other ideas:

      • quick walk
      • stretching or jumping jacks
      • cold water on the face or hands
      • breathing exercises
      • rhythmic music

      Movement also helps the nervous system shift from a passive state into a ready-to-act state, making it easier to transition into cognitive work.

      When movement becomes a consistent part of the process before beginning tasks, the brain begins to associate activation with action, strengthening pathways involved in initiation.

      Step 3: Reduce Cognitive Load

      One of the most common reasons people struggle with starting tasks is cognitive overload. When a task feels too large or complex, the brain must hold many pieces of information in working memory at once.

      The prefrontal cortex can only manage a limited amount of information at one time. When that capacity is exceeded, the brain may delay action as a protective response.

      Breaking tasks into smaller steps reduces the mental load required to begin. Writing down the first step or simplifying the task helps the brain shift from overwhelm to clarity.

      This can be as simple as making a list, or a brain dump. Get all of the thoughts swirling in your mind out and onto paper (or your notes app).

      Some of our kids prefer using a mind map sheet to get everything out of their thoughts and onto paper.

      Repeated experiences of breaking down tasks strengthen neural pathways that support problem solving, planning, and goal-directed behavior.

      Step 4: lower activation energy

      The brain naturally prefers tasks that require the least effort to begin. When the starting point of a task feels too demanding, the brain may delay initiation.

      Definition: lower activation energy- Lowering the energy means making the first step extremely small and accessible. In simplest terms, this means breaking the task into steps. Instead of thinking about completing an entire project, the focus becomes opening a document, gathering materials, or writing one sentence.

      OTs are really good at activity analysis so we can help to find the first and easiest step of a task. We can teach our kids and clients to do this. Here are tips to help with prioritization.

      Small actions help the brain move from intention to do a task to actually DOING, which activates reward pathways associated with progress. (Love this pathway in neuroplasticity as an OT!)

      To do this in a task that needs done, you can try:

      • 5 minute start rule
      • Pomodoro technique (25 minutes work, 5 minute break)
      • 10 minute “activation window”

      Each small step provides feedback to the brain that starting is possible, strengthening neural circuits that support task initiation over time.

      Step 5: Create Artificial Urgency

      Many people find that they are able to begin tasks when a deadline creates pressure. This is where the timer idea we have above comes into play. This is such a helpful tool because urgency activates the brain’s alertness and motivation systems.

      Creating artificial urgency can replicate this effect in a healthy way. Setting a timer for a short work period signals to the brain that the task has a clear beginning and end.

      There are executive functioning apps to help with this. We have some listed on our resource on occupational therapy apps.

      Timers help shift attention away from the perceived size of the task and toward immediate action.

      Other ideas for urgency include:

      • Set a 10 minute timer to “just start”
      • Use a visible countdown timer
      • Tell someone you will check in with them after beginning
      • Schedule a short work sprint

      When individuals repeatedly start tasks during short timed intervals, the brain begins to associate starting with manageable effort rather than overwhelming demand.

      Step 6: Pair the Task With a reward

      One of the main ideas that help with neuroplasticity in creating positive routines is habit stacking. When we try to get something done that is not as enjoyable to us, we can “stack the habit” with something we DO enjoy.

      Motivation systems in the brain are strongly influenced by dopamine, which increases when we engage with things that feel interesting, rewarding, or enjoyable.

      Pairing a task with a positive stimulus can increase engagement. Listening to music, working in a pleasant environment, or having a preferred drink nearby can make the starting process feel less demanding.

      These small rewards help shift the brain’s perception of the task from threat to opportunity, making it easier to begin.

      This will be unique to everyone, but some ideas include:

      • Play music you enjoy while starting the task
      • Work near a window or comfortable space
      • Drink a favorite beverage while beginning
      • Listen to a podcast during simple tasks

      Over time, this pairing can create new associations where the brain connects starting tasks with positive emotional experiences, supporting neuroplastic learning.

      Step 7: Build Momentum Through Repetition

      Task initiation improves through repeated practice. Each time a person successfully moves from intention to action, neural pathways supporting initiation become stronger.

      Momentum is a powerful neurological driver. Once the brain begins a task, it often becomes easier to continue because attention networks and motivation systems are already activated.

      The key to building momentum is consistency. When the brain repeatedly experiences the sequence of regulate → activate → start → continue, it begins to automate the process.

      Through repetition, the brain gradually becomes more efficient at initiating tasks, supporting long-term changes in executive functioning.

      The “Unstuck Loop”

      Over time, these strategies create a repeatable pattern:

      Regulate → Activate → Simplify → Start → Sustain

      This sequence helps the nervous system move from inertia to action, strengthening the neural pathways involved in task initiation and completion.

      With repeated practice, the brain becomes more comfortable with starting tasks, making it easier to move from thinking about a task to actually doing it.

      A Helpful Perspective

      Many adults with executive functioning challenges are not lacking motivation. Instead, the brain may require structure, cues, and activation strategies to initiate tasks.

      Once momentum begins, productivity often follows.

      Task initiation is a skill that can be supported through environmental design, behavioral strategies, and awareness of how the nervous system influences motivation.

      Impulse Control Journal the OT Toolbox

      The Impulse Control Journal…a printable resource for helping kids strategize executive functioning skill development. When saying “calm down” just isn’t enough…

      When a child is easily “triggered” and seems to melt down at any sign of loud noises or excitement…

      When you need help or a starting point to teach kids self-regulation strategies…

      When you are struggling to motivate or redirect a child without causing a meltdown…

      When you’re struggling to help kids explore their emotions, develop self-regulation and coping skills, manage and reflect on their emotions, identify their emotions, and more as they grow…

      Grab the Impulse Control Journal to build organizational strategies, planning, prioritization, habits, and mindset in kids.

      Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.

      100 Handwriting Tips and Tricks Free Printables

      by
      handwriting tips and tricks

      This blog post on handwriting tricks from November 2016 has been updated to include more handwriting tips and tricks that school based OT professionals use every day. You’ll also have a handwriting email series and free handwriting handouts available in this blog post that you’ll want to grab.

      Handwriting Tips Handouts

      Handwriting is a struggle for many kids.  There are many handwriting tips  and  tips that can work for kids when they are completing written work.  The thing is that some strategies work for some children and something totally different is a success for other children.  Handwriting difficulties can be a result of many different issues.  From visual perceptual difficulties to pencil grasp concerns, to visual motor integration problems…handwriting is a complex task with many skills working together.  


      Today, I have an exciting freebie for you.


      I have compiled strategies, tips, and tricks for common handwriting concerns.  

       
       

      You might have seen our easy handwriting series recently.  If not, be sure to stop over and check out 30 easy strategies for helping with handwriting difficulties.


      For more information on helping kids with handwriting issues, join us in the Sweet Ideas for Handwriting Help Facebook group.  I would love to see you there!

      Free Handwriting Tips and Tricks Printables



      These free handwriting printables are perfect for trying different strategies to help kids with handwriting needs.  


      Each printable page can be copied and presented to teachers, parents, colleagues, and any one in the classroom or therapy setting who works with the kids with handwriting needs.


      Try using these printable strategies to help with many different handwriting concerns.


      Handwriting Help in your Inbox


      The printables will arrive in your inbox over a 6 day period.  Each day, I will share specific tips related to common handwriting challenges.  There will be lins to address these problems in creative ways and Quick Tips for the targeted handwriting issue and Fine Motor Development.  

      This is Handwriting Help for anyone who works with kids!

      handwriting tips, tricks, and strategies for kids



      In the FREE printable pack, you will get:


      Tips for Better Line Awareness


      Tips for Better Spatial Awareness


      Tips for Accurate Letter Formation


      Movement Activities to Help with Spatial Relations


      Handwriting Self-Assessment


      Motivating Handwriting Activities


      MORE Motivating Handwriting Activities




      Related Read: Try these handwriting accommodation strategies to address a variety of handwriting challenges. 

       
       
       
      Try these handwriting tricks, tips, and strategies to help with handwriting.
       
      I hope you join us for 6 days of handwriting help, delivered right to your inbox!
       

       

       
       
      hand holding a pencil. Text reads "handwriting tricks for teaching messy handwriting"

      You can use some occupational therapy handwriting tricks to help with common messy writing issues.

      100 Handwriting Tips and Tricks

      I wanted to put together a few handwriting tricks that we pediatric occupational therapists (and by that I mean OTs AND OTAs!) use day in and day out to support kids with handwriting challenges. These writing tips are some of the tricks you’ll see a school based OT pull out of “thin air”. Meanwhile, this is just the beginning of the OT tips and tricks we have up our therapy sleeves! I hope these help!

      Hand Position and Pencil Grasp

      1. Use short pencils or broken crayons to encourage a tripod grasp.
      2. Place a small pom-pom under the ring and pinky fingers to promote hand separation.
      3. Try triangular pencils to support proper finger placement.
      4. Use pencil grips if a child fatigues quickly while writing.
      5. Encourage holding the pencil closer to the tip for better control.
      6. Practice picking up small beads to strengthen finger grasp.
      7. Use tweezers to build finger strength for handwriting.
      8. Draw small circles with fingertips to warm up writing muscles.
      9. Practice rolling small balls of play dough between fingers.
      10. Use clothespins to strengthen finger muscles.

      Posture and Positioning

      1. Sit with feet flat on the floor for stability.
      2. Keep hips all the way back in the chair.
      3. Maintain a straight back while writing.
      4. Adjust chair height so elbows rest comfortably on the table.
      5. Use a slant board to support wrist positioning.
      6. Try writing on a vertical surface like a wall or easel.
      7. Encourage forearms to rest lightly on the table.
      8. Use a foot stool if feet don’t reach the floor.
      9. Practice writing on a clipboard while standing.
      10. Ensure the paper is placed slightly tilted.

      Paper Position

      1. Tilt paper slightly left for right-handed writers.
      2. Tilt paper slightly right for left-handed writers.
      3. Stabilize paper with the helper hand.
      4. Use tape to keep paper from sliding.
      5. Use clipboards for stability.
      6. Draw margins to support spacing.
      7. Add highlighting to the writing line.
      8. Use raised line paper for tactile feedback.
      9. Practice writing inside boxes before writing on lines.
      10. Use graph paper for consistent letter sizing.

      Letter Formation Tips

      1. Teach letters in developmental groups.
      2. Start letters at the top when possible.
      3. Use consistent starting points for letters.
      4. Practice large letters before small letters.
      5. Use verbal cues while writing letters.
      6. Practice tracing letters with fingers first.
      7. Write letters in shaving cream or sand.
      8. Trace letters on textured surfaces.
      9. Use chalk on sidewalks to practice letter shapes.
      10. Practice forming letters in play dough.

      Motor Planning and Warm-Ups

      1. Do finger stretches before writing.
      2. Shake hands gently to loosen muscles.
      3. Trace shapes in the air with large arm movements.
      4. Practice drawing big shapes on a whiteboard.
      5. Use finger painting to warm up hands.
      6. Practice drawing loops and spirals.
      7. Do wall push-ups to activate arm muscles.
      8. Roll therapy putty before writing tasks.
      9. Practice drawing zig-zag lines.
      10. Do hand squeezes with a stress ball.

      Visual Motor and Visual Perception

      1. Copy simple shapes before letters.
      2. Practice connecting dots to form shapes.
      3. Use mazes to build visual motor skills.
      4. Play “I Spy” games to build visual scanning.
      5. Complete puzzles to support visual perception.
      6. Practice tracing paths and lines.
      7. Use visual models for letter formation.
      8. Practice copying patterns.
      9. Draw shapes that gradually become letters.
      10. Use highlighting to guide writing lines.

      Sensory Strategies

      1. Try writing in sand trays.
      2. Use textured writing paper.
      3. Write with chalk or crayons for resistance.
      4. Use weighted pencils for proprioceptive input.
      5. Do heavy work before handwriting tasks.
      6. Practice writing on vertical surfaces.
      7. Write with gel pens for smooth movement.
      8. Use vibrating pens for sensory input.
      9. Practice squeezing putty before writing.
      10. Try writing on a textured mat.

      Motivation and Engagement

      1. Write secret messages to friends.
      2. Use fun colored pens.
      3. Write jokes or riddles.
      4. Create comic strips.
      5. Write lists about favorite things.
      6. Practice writing in games like “hangman.”
      7. Write treasure hunt clues.
      8. Make greeting cards.
      9. Write stories about favorite characters.
      10. Use stickers as rewards.

      Classroom and Homework Strategies

      1. Break writing into short sessions.
      2. Use visual reminders for letter formation.
      3. Allow brain breaks during writing tasks.
      4. Provide examples to copy from.
      5. Encourage slow, controlled writing.
      6. Provide extra time for written work.
      7. Use checklists or desk letter strips for letter formation and self-correction.
      8. Encourage editing after writing.
      9. Reduce copying demands when needed.
      10. Provide alternative writing tools when appropriate.

      Independence and Practice

      1. Encourage journaling daily.
      2. Practice writing grocery lists.
      3. Write notes to family members.
      4. Label drawings with words.
      5. Write directions for games.
      6. Practice writing menus for pretend restaurants.
      7. Write short thank-you notes.
      8. Copy favorite song lyrics.
      9. Write captions for photos.
      10. Practice handwriting during fun activities, not just schoolwork.

      Even MORE handwriting tips and tricks that we share in OT consultations include:

      • Teach letters in groups, or families of similar letters. We talk all about letter families in another blog post. It makes total sense to teach letters this way because of the handwriting motor plan that is established in pencil movements.
      • Use consistent verbal and visual cues.
      • Use consistent patterns to form letters. By this I mean you should promote the automaticity and fluidity that kids establish when they are using the same models for letter formation.
      • Use progressive steps of handwriting instruction. This means that you will want to follow a predictable teaching pattern in handwriting. This will look like modeling the letter, tracing, fading of cues, copying, dictating letter formation, composing letters, and self monitoring the formation of letters.
      • Speaking of tracing, it has it’s time and place. Don’t just plop down a handwriting worksheet and expect kids to trace the letters correctly and then establish good handwriting skills. There’s more to it than that!
      • Match the size of lined paper with the student’s handwriting abilities. Here is a list of free handwriting paper to browse.
      • Use pictures or images as a visual cue on the writing lines. This gives a prompt for letter placement and letter size. Some examples are drawing a house in the double rule writing space. You might also see a cloud on the top line of writing paper and grass on the baseline. Or another example is a worm below the ground or baseline for tail letters.
      • Another example of a writing trick that offers a visual cue is to use a highlighter for the writing space for letter size and spacing. Or, you might see a school based OT practitioner use a highlighter to draw a rectangle for the word.
      • Position a visual cue like a letter strip, or the material the student is copying right above the writing paper so the student needs to shift their eyes up and down, and not their eyes and whole head. This is a near point copying trick.
      • Use our DIY letter strip hack to place the model very close to the writing area.

      For more tips and tricks, check out our book, The Handwriting Book. We tried to cover all aspects of handwriting by addressing the underlying skills that play into writing.

      The Handwriting Book is a comprehensive resource created by experienced pediatric OTs and PTs.

      The Handwriting Book covers everything you need to know about handwriting, guided by development and focused on function. This digital resource is is the ultimate resource for tips, strategies, suggestions, and information to support handwriting development in kids.

      The Handwriting Book breaks down the functional skill of handwriting into developmental areas. These include developmental progression of pre-writing strokes, fine motor skills, gross motor development, sensory considerations, and visual perceptual skills. Each section includes strategies and tips to improve these underlying areas.

      • Strategies to address letter and number formation and reversals
      • Ideas for combining handwriting and play
      • Activities to practice handwriting skills at home
      • Tips and strategies for the reluctant writer
      • Tips to improve pencil grip
      • Tips for sizing, spacing, and alignment with overall improved legibility

      Click here to grab your copy of The Handwriting Book today.

      Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.

      After School Meltdowns: Why Kids Fall Apart at Home and How to Help

      by
      After school sensory overload

      After a long day at school, many children come home and seem to fall apart. You might see them come home and begin crying, yelling, shutting down, or refusing to do anything. This after-school meltdown (or sensory breakdown) isn’t just about being tired or hungry.

      after school sensory breakdowns and information on sensory overload after school

      For many kids, especially those with sensory processing challenges or executive functioning difficulties, school requires an enormous amount of self-regulation. It all becomes a fight or flight response at a certain point.

      Why do After School Meltdowns Happen?

      After-school meltdowns are often connected to nervous system dysregulation after a long day of managing expectations, sensory input, and social demands at school.

      Many children spend the school day using a great deal of energy to stay focused, follow routines, and regulate their behavior. By the time they arrive home, their nervous system may be fatigued and less able to manage stress. From a nervous system perspective, this can mean the child shifts out of a calm, regulated state and into a more reactive state where emotions feel harder to control.

      Polyvagal Theory helps explain why this happens. Throughout the day, a child’s nervous system is constantly scanning for cues of safety or stress. When a child feels safe and regulated, they are able to engage, learn, and interact with others.

      However, after a long day of demands, their nervous system may move into a fight-or-flight response. This can show up as irritability, frustration, crying, or emotional outbursts when they finally reach the safety of home.

      What is after school restraint collapse?

      After-school restraint collapse is another term you may have heard of. This is another way to describe after school meltdowns.

      It’s a pattern many families notice when children come home from school and suddenly seem overwhelmed, emotional, or exhausted. During the school day, children often work very hard to follow rules, manage sensory input, stay focused, and control their behavior in a structured environment.

      This effort requires a great deal of self-regulation and energy. When the school day ends and the child returns to a safe and familiar space, the nervous system may finally release that built-up tension.

      As a result, children may cry, become irritable, argue, or appear unusually tired. This response is not intentional misbehavior; rather, it reflects the body and brain decompressing after a long period of maintaining control and meeting expectations.

      sensory overload after school

      What’s happening here? Kids spend hours sitting still, following directions, managing transitions, and trying to fit in. By the time they get home, their emotional and sensory “cup” is empty. The meltdowns you see are often the result of holding it all together all day long. Understanding why this happens is the first step in helping kids decompress, reset, and build the tools they need to self-regulate at home.

      After a long day at school, some kids come home dysregulated (in a state where regulation isn’t happening) and it can be easy to miss the signs. It might look like the child that crashes and takes a nap as soon as they walk in the door (hello, teenagers!) or the child that is clingy/whiny/jumping off the walls during the after school hours. These actions aren’t them having a “bad day” or “acting out.” It’s actually clues that the child’s nervous system is overwhelmed during daily tasks and the tasks of the day. (What we call occupations…like learning, playing, socializing, riding the bus, and managing new routines).

      In today’s YouTube video and visual guide, we break down signs of dysregulation during occupation, including:

      • Trouble with organization, attention, or executive function
      • Sensory overload from sound, light, touch, or smell
      • Irrational, impulsive, or aggressive behaviors
      • Working memory difficulties
      • Panic attacks, sleep troubles, or toileting challenges
      • Poor fine motor skills or handwriting
      • A tendency to shut down, give up, or resist tasks
      • They might not hear you

      Here’s the full list in our short video:


      Next, let’s talk about some questions that come up from parents regarding sensory overload after school.

      FAQ: After-School Meltdowns and Emotional Regulation in Kids

      Why does my child melt down after school?

      Many kids “hold it together” during the school day. They are working hard to suppress big emotions, masking sensory sensitivities, and meeting expectations. When they get home to their safe space, that built-up stress is released in the form of a meltdown. It’s a release of emotional pressure, not a sign of defiance or misbehavior.

      How can I help my child decompress after school?

      Create a predictable after-school routine with calming options: quiet time, a snack, deep pressure activities like a weighted blanket, or movement like swinging or jumping. Let your child have a choice in how they unwind. This gives them some control and supports regulation.
      Try these after-school calming strategies.

      What are the signs of emotional dysregulation in kids after school?

      Some common signs include irritability, withdrawal, meltdowns, trouble transitioning, refusal to talk, or physical symptoms like headaches. These behaviors are often a sign that your child is overstimulated or emotionally drained.
      Explore signs of dysregulation

      Why does my child seem fine at school but fall apart at home?

      This is known as “masking.” Many children, especially those who are neurodivergent, work hard to appear regulated in public. At home, where they feel safe, they release the emotions they’ve been suppressing. This isn’t manipulation. They are actually showing signs of emotional exhaustion.
      Read more about masking and meltdowns

      What calming strategies help with after-school meltdowns?

      Try a sensory bin, a body sock, drawing/coloring, swinging, or deep breathing. Some children benefit from heavy work (proprioceptive) activities like wall pushes or carrying a backpack.
      Check out these heavy work activities

      What are after-school sensory needs and how can I support them?

      Sensory needs after school may involve a need for quiet, movement, oral input (like chewing), or touch. Pay attention to your child’s behavior and give sensory-rich but calming input after school.
      Use our calm down corner ideas

      How can I prevent after-school meltdowns in my child?

      Build in time for transition after school. Avoid rushing into homework or structured activities. Let your child decompress and refuel. Create a consistent routine, and reduce extra demands during that time.
      Use a sensory-friendly visual schedule.

      Why do ADHD kids hold it together at school and then crash at home?

      ADHD brains are working extra hard to stay organized, focused, and quiet at school. That effort can be exhausting, and home becomes the place they release the stress. Support them with empathy and structure, not punishment.

      What are some after-school routines that help neurodivergent kids?

      Routines that include sensory breaks, low-demand time, a calming activity, and predictable structure help reduce meltdowns. Use visual schedules or simple picture cards to help kids know what’s next.

      How do I support emotional regulation at home after school?

      Normalize big feelings and teach self-regulation strategies. Use visual supports, sensory tools, and lots of co-regulation. Focus on connection before correction.
      Browse self-regulation activities

      How to help after school meltdowns

      After-school meltdowns are common in kids who hold it together all day at school, only to release their emotions the moment they get home. If you’re wondering how to help a child who melts down after school, it starts with understanding that this behavior is a result of exhaustion from managing expectations, transitions, and sensory input throughout the day.

      These after-school meltdowns in kids often happen because children are finally in a safe space where they can decompress.

      One effective after-school meltdown strategy is to create a calming after-school routine with quiet time, a healthy snack, and sensory activities.

      Parents searching for ways to help kids decompress after school can try setting up a predictable transition period with activities like deep breathing, stretching, or time in a sensory corner.

      Knowing how to calm a child after school begins with giving them space, avoiding questions right away, and using consistent strategies that meet their unique sensory or emotional needs.

      These calming techniques are not only effective in managing meltdowns after school, but also support emotional regulation in the long term.

      Having a set strategy list is key. For developing kids, emotional regulation and executive functioning skills impact not just learning but function. When it comes to emotions, regulating behaviors, and the mental skills of executive functioning, you can see how all of these areas play a role in everything we do on a day to day basis. 

      Some other ideas for educators include being proactive in the classroom. This actually helps the student during the day because short movement breaks support learning. Educators: Set up simple brain breaks or sensory corners.

      The therapist on the team can help to share supportive strategies and tools with families to help them carry over regulation strategies at home.

      And finally, the parent can bring it all together by creating a transition routine to help kids shift from school to home without becoming overwhelmed. A huge component is the impact of screens too. This screentime checklist can help.

      This is where co-regulation becomes important. Children often need the support of a calm adult to help their nervous system return to a regulated state.

      Instead of immediately asking questions about the day or moving into homework routines, it can help to first create a transition period that allows the child’s body to reset. Quiet connection, predictable routines, and a calm presence can help signal safety to the nervous system.

      Short brain breaks after school can also support regulation. Movement activities, deep breathing, outdoor play, or sensory-based activities help the body release tension and organize sensory input from the day.

      Basically, I tell my parents that they need to first focus on arousal level. They are coming from a highly stimulating environment. If they are bombarded with questions about their day, expectations for homework, and rushing into the after school activities, they don’t have a chance to reset.

      We can help the child by offering different types of stimulation that typically decrease arousal (slow, rhythmic, and gentle sensations, heavy work, removal of excess sensory stimulation, and deep touch pressure and proprioception).

      Then, after the child is out of this fight or flight state, you can offer opportunities for safe participation. This is things that make them feel safe to allow participation.

      These breaks give the nervous system an opportunity to shift out of survival mode and back toward a calmer, more regulated state where conversation, homework, and family activities become easier to manage.

      Start with these resources on The OT Toolbox:​
      What is Dysregulation?
      ​​What is Self-Regulation?​​
      Self-Regulation Strategies
      ​​Sensory Processing Red Flags
      ​​Emotional Regulation Games​​
      5 Ways to Support Emotional Vocabulary​​

      After School Brain Breaks and Sensory Snacks​

      Self Regulation Support
      Packed with visuals, charts, and strategies kids can use throughout the day, perfect for home or school.​
      Get it in the shop.​
      Members: get it here.

      Sensory Diet Cards + Sensory Activity Lists​
      Build a sensory strategy system that helps meet individual needs, even in busy classrooms.​
      Get it in the shop.​
      Members: get it here.

      Classroom + Home Connection
      Many students hold it together all day… until they don’t. When kids walk through the door after school and instantly melt down, it’s often because of underlying sensory or regulation challenges that built up throughout the day.

      P.S. All of these resources (plus more) are included in your OT Toolbox Membership. It’s your one-stop spot for back-to-school therapy tools!

      The Sensory Lifestyle Handbook
      The Sensory Lifestyle Handbook

      The Sensory Lifestyle Handbook walks you through sensory processing information, each step of creating a meaningful and motivating sensory diet, that is guided by the individual’s personal interests and preferences.

      The Sensory Lifestyle Handbook is not just about creating a sensory diet to meet sensory processing needs. This handbook is your key to creating an active and thriving lifestyle based on a deep understanding of sensory processing.

      Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.


      Saccades and Learning

      by

      Read below to learn about visual saccades and learning in kids, including how saccades affect learning, more about what are visual saccades, or visual scanning, and what saccadic movement looks like. You’ll also find information on saccades and smooth eye movements and the visual processing needs that impact learning. This information on vision can be helpful for the occupational therapist working with a child or student with vision related learning challenges as a result of visual saccades.

      What Are Saccadic Eye Movements?

      Saccades are quick, precise eye movements that allow the eyes to jump from one target to another. These movements help the brain rapidly shift visual attention so we can scan words while reading, move between objects in the environment, or look back and forth between items during daily activities.

      Instead of moving smoothly across the visual field, the eyes make these rapid jumps to bring new information into focus. Saccades work together with other visual skills like visual tracking, visual attention, and visual perception to help the brain process visual information efficiently.

      Children rely heavily on saccadic eye movements during school tasks. Reading lines of text, copying from the board, solving math problems, and scanning worksheets all require accurate and well-controlled saccades.

      What Is the Function of a Saccade?

      The primary function of a saccade is to quickly shift the eyes from one visual target to another so the brain can gather new visual information. This ability allows a person to scan the environment, locate objects, and move their visual attention efficiently.

      In children, this skill supports many important tasks, including:

      • Reading across a line of text
      • Copying information from the board to paper
      • Scanning worksheets for answers
      • Tracking moving objects during play
      • Shifting attention between visual targets

      Efficient saccadic movements allow children to move their eyes quickly while maintaining accuracy and visual focus.

      What Do Saccades Indicate?

      Saccadic eye movements provide information about how well the visual system and brain are coordinating eye movement control. When saccades are accurate and well timed, they support efficient reading, visual attention, and learning.

      However, when saccadic movements are poorly controlled, children may show signs such as:

      • Losing their place while reading
      • Skipping words or lines
      • Difficulty copying from the board
      • Slow visual scanning
      • Eye fatigue during schoolwork

      These signs can sometimes be mistaken for attention problems when the underlying challenge may involve visual processing or oculomotor control.

      Visual Saccades and Learning

       

      Saccades and saccadic eye movements have a huge impact on learning and reading.

       

       

      For more information on saccades, check out this post on what exactly is visual scanning.

      As therapists, we are often asked to provide consultation services to a child who cannot copy from the board, from one paper to another, frequently loses their place while reading, and has frequent errors in spelling and writing tasks, along with sloppy handwriting. These children are typically in first or second grade, maybe even third. They are good students who appear to be struggling for some unknown reason.  An underlying vision concern may be the culprit of these student’s difficulties, with the underlying concern being impaired saccades, or visual saccadic movements. 

       
      What are visual saccades? Saccadic eye movement is so essential for reading and learning!




      What are Saccades?

      Have you heard the term, visual saccades before? Maybe not! Let’s break this down into an explanation…

      Saccades Definition: 

      Saccadic movement, or more commonly known as saccades, is the ability of the eyes to move in synchrony from point A to point B rapidly WITHOUT deviating from the path. 


      Typically, we look for these patterns to be established in left/right and top/bottom patterns as they are the easiest to identify. 


      However, if the saccadic movement is not impaired, the eyes should be able to move in all directions in synchrony between two or more given points. 

      Difference between Saccades and Pursuits


      Before moving on, I want to clear up the difference between saccades and smooth pursuits. 

      These two are often confused, but are really very difference. Saccades and smooth pursuits are the two parts of eye teaming. 

      Smooth pursuits allow visual tracking of a moving item while saccades allow synchronized, rapid eye movement between two or more given points such as in visual scanning.

      What are Impaired Saccades?

      Impaired saccadic movement is when the eyes do not move in synchrony in a designated pattern such as left/right and top/bottom. 


      They may jump randomly or move in uncoordinated patterns that can lead to confusion of where the child was previously in reading and written work. 

      What Does it mean to have Problems with Saccades

      Below is a simple passage that we would expect a first grader to be able to read and what they might read with an impairment of saccadic eye movement.

      The black cat sat next to the pumpkin. The black cat liked the pumpkin. 
      The black cat meowed at the pumpkin.

       

      This is what a child with impaired saccadic eye movement may have read:

      The cat sat to pumpkin. 
      The black cat liked pumpkin. 
      The cat meowed the pumpkin.

      This example is a demonstration of the “jumping” that may occur when reading or copying a sentence. While the child was reading, they may have stumbled and corrected themselves realizing they were not in the right spot and missing words along the way. 

      Children who present with impaired saccades ofen times are shy when reading out loud to peers and adults because of this. 

      Identifying Saccadic Impairments

      Impaired saccadic movements are very difficult to see in screenings. The most common presentation of impaired saccadic movement is slight jerks, or jumps at the midline or outer edges of field of vision. They are so small, that they can be missed or mistaken for a twitch. Despite their small outward appearance, impaired saccadic movement can have significant impacts on the child’s learning.


      In therapy or a classroom setting, having a child read the letters of a simple word search from left to right and top to bottom can provide an indication if they are unable to follow structured patterns with supports such as pointing with a finger, or covering up the lines under the one the child is looking at.


      Here are some helpful strategies that can accommodate for visual problems in the classroom.

      What Causes Saccadic Impairments?

      It is unclear what causes saccadic movement impairments in children. It is clear however, that the child’s eyes have not learned to move in structured patterns between two points rapidly, which can significantly inhibit the learning process.  

      Why Visual Attention Matters for Learning

      Visual attention is the ability to focus your eyes and brain on what matters while filtering out distractions. It plays a key role in how kids learn and function in the classroom. From reading across a line of text to copying from the board or tracking moving objects, visual attention is essential for school success.

      This skill overlaps closely with saccadic eye movements. The quick jumps our eyes make from one visual point to another. When visual attention is weak, a child may lose their place while reading, skip lines, or struggle to copy from a distance. These issues often present as trouble with reading fluency, handwriting, or task completion, especially in fast-paced classroom settings.

      The Impact of Shortform Video on Visual Skills

      Many children today spend hours watching shortform video content like YouTube Shorts, Instagram Reels, and TikToks. These videos shift scenes rapidly, are designed to grab attention instantly, and rarely require sustained focus. While entertaining, they don’t promote the kind of prolonged visual engagement kids need for schoolwork.

      Instead of training the brain to hold attention on a steady visual target, this kind of content encourages constant scanning and shallow focus. Over time, this can affect a child’s ability to engage in tasks that require visual endurance…needed for tasks like reading, writing, or completing a worksheet. The visual system becomes wired for quick novelty rather than sustained attention, which is a skill required for academic success.

      What Parents and Teachers Can Do to Help

      Parents, educators, and therapists can help by being intentional about building visual attention through meaningful activities. Set limits around passive screen time, especially shortform video content. Encourage games and play that involve scanning, searching, and visual tracking. Some ideas include: 

      • “I Spy,” memory games
      • Word searches
      • Flashlight tag
      • Scanning a wall for alphabet letters or shapes

      In therapy sessions, focus on saccadic exercises that also build visual endurance. This can be activities like: 

      • Tracking a moving object with the eyes
      • Scanning for items in a cluttered scene
      • Using printable worksheets that require visual jumps between targets.
      • Simple adjustments like minimizing background clutter and increasing contrast in materials can also support attention and reduce fatigue

      Finally, communicate with families about what you observe in therapy and how they can support visual attention at home. Offering structured breaks, reading together without distractions, and incorporating movement-based eye activities can help balance screen exposure and support the development of strong visual systems.

      Signs of Saccadic Movement Impairments in the Classroom

      Like many underlying vision concerns, screenings alone cannot determine impairments. 

      Some supporting signs that a child may have a saccadic movement impairment can be found below: 

      • Difficulties copying work from the board to a paper without errors or omission of words
      • Difficulties copying work between two papers without errors or omission of words
      • Difficulties reading passages of work, specifically 2 or more lines of text
      • Losing place when reading frequently
      • Utilizing a finger to track when reading 
      • Frequent errors when spelling
      • Poor spacing and orientation to the line when writing 

      Final Note on Impaired Saccadic Movements


      Saccades plays a crucial part in eye teaming, reading and writing. When it is impaired, the child may experience high levels of frustration, embarrassment and difficulties with their daily reading and writing tasks.  Like many underlying vision deficits, impaired saccadic movements has many variations in presentation, and should be monitored closely by therapists and educators to ensure referrals to the developmental optometrist are made when necessary. 

       

      Free visual processing email lab to learn about visual skills needed in learning and reading.





      Looking for more information on vision? Check out my OT Vision Screening Packet for helpful handouts and a screening tool.

       

      Occupational Therapy Vision Screening Tool

      This visual screening tool was created by an occupational therapist and provides information on visual terms, frequently asked questions regarding visual problems, a variety of visual screening techniques, and other tools that therapists will find valuable in visual screenings. 

       
      This is a digital file. Upon purchase, you will be able to access the 10 page file and print off to use over and over again in vision screenings and in educating therapists, teachers, parents, and other child advocates or caregivers.
       
       
      Saccades and learning, read more to find out what are saccades, how to screen for visual saccades, and what saccadic impairments look like.
       
      More Visual Processing Posts you will love: 
       

      More information on saccades:

      For even MORE on visual saccades and the impact visual skills play in learning, you will want to join our free visual processing lab email series. It’s a 3-day series of emails that covers EVERYthing about visual processing. We take a closer look at visual skills and break things down, as well as covering the big picture of visual needs.

      In the visual processing lab, you will discover how oculomotor skills like smooth pursuits make a big difference in higher level skills like learning and executive function. The best thing about this lab (besides all of the awesome info) is that it has a fun “lab” theme. I might have had too much fun with this one 🙂

      Join us in visual processing Lab! Where you won’t need Bunsen burners or safety goggles!

      Click here to learn more about Visual Processing Lab and to sign up.

      Are Saccades Good or Bad?

      Saccades are a normal and essential part of vision. They allow the eyes to gather visual information quickly and efficiently.

      Problems arise only when the movements are inaccurate, slow, or poorly coordinated. When this occurs, children may struggle with tasks that require visual scanning, reading, or shifting visual attention.

      With practice and targeted activities, saccadic eye movement skills can often improve, helping children become more efficient in school tasks.

      What Is the Difference Between Saccades and Nystagmus?

      Saccades and nystagmus are both eye movements, but they serve very different purposes.

      Saccades are intentional, rapid eye movements that shift visual focus from one object to another. These movements are controlled and purposeful.

      Nystagmus, on the other hand, involves involuntary eye movements that occur repeatedly and rhythmically. These movements are not under voluntary control and are often associated with neurological or vestibular conditions.

      While saccades are necessary for everyday visual tasks like reading and scanning, nystagmus can interfere with visual stability and clarity.

      What Causes Abnormal Saccades?

      Several factors can contribute to difficulty with saccadic eye movements. In children, these challenges may be related to:

      • Immature visual motor development
      • Oculomotor control difficulties
      • Visual processing challenges
      • Neurological conditions
      • Vision disorders that affect eye coordination

      Sometimes children develop compensatory strategies, such as moving their head instead of their eyes or using their finger to track words.

      Symptoms of Saccadic Eye Movement Difficulties

      Children with saccadic eye movement challenges may show signs such as:

      • Losing place while reading
      • Skipping words or lines
      • Difficulty copying from the board
      • Slow reading speed
      • Head movements instead of eye movements
      • Poor visual scanning in worksheets or games

      Teachers may notice that the child appears inattentive during reading tasks or struggles to keep up with written work.

      Saccadic Eye Movement Activities

      Occupational therapists often use playful activities to help children strengthen visual scanning and eye movement control.

      Here are some effective saccadic eye movement activities:

      Letter Jump Activity

      Write letters on two sides of a page or wall. Ask the child to quickly look from one letter to the next without moving their head.

      Sticker Target Game

      Place small stickers on a wall or paper. The child shifts their eyes quickly between targets as you call them out.

      Flashlight Tag

      In a dim room, shine a flashlight on different objects and have the child move their eyes quickly to locate each target.

      Word Search Activities

      Word searches encourage visual scanning and fast eye movements between letters.

      Craft Stick Tracking

      Write letters or numbers on craft sticks and hold two up at a time. The child looks quickly between them to identify each symbol.

      A Pediatric Occupational Therapist’s Perspective

      When I work with a child who has difficulty with saccadic eye movements, I often explain to parents and teachers that the child’s eyes and brain are simply having trouble coordinating quick visual jumps between targets.

      For example, a child who struggles with saccades may lose their place when reading or have difficulty copying from the board because their eyes cannot efficiently move back and forth between visual targets. This can make school tasks feel slow, frustrating, and exhausting.

      During therapy sessions, I use playful activities that strengthen the connection between the eyes and the brain. Games that involve scanning, searching, or quickly shifting visual attention help the child practice these eye movements in a fun and motivating way.

      I also reassure parents and teachers that these challenges are not related to intelligence or effort. Instead, they reflect how the visual system is developing. With practice and the right supports, many children can improve their eye movement control and become more confident with reading and classroom tasks.

      Colleen Beck, OTR/L has been an occupational therapist since 2000, working in school-based, hand therapy, outpatient peds, EI, and SNF. Colleen created The OT Toolbox to inspire therapists, teachers, and parents with easy and fun tools to help children thrive. Read her story about going from an OT making $3/hour (after paying for kids’ childcare) to a full-time OT resource creator for millions of readers. Want to collaborate? Send an email to contact@theottoolbox.com.

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